We introduce the concept of 1Q, the first wireless generation of integrated classical and quantum communication. 1Q features quantum base stations (QBSs) that support entanglement distribution via free-space optical links alongside traditional radio communications. Key new components include quantum cells, quantum user equipment (QUEs), and hybrid resource allocation spanning classical time-frequency and quantum entanglement domains. Several application scenarios are discussed and illustrated through system design requirements for quantum key distribution, blind quantum computing, and distributed quantum sensing. A range of unique quantum constraints are identified, including decoherence timing, fidelity requirements, and the interplay between quantum and classical error probabilities. Protocol adaptations extend cellular connection management to incorporate entanglement generation, distribution, and handover procedures, expanding the Quantum Internet to the cellular wireless.

翻译：本文提出了1Q的概念，即第一代集成经典与量子通信的无线系统。1Q的核心特征是量子基站（QBS），其通过自由空间光链路支持纠缠分发，同时保持传统无线电通信能力。关键新组件包括量子小区、量子用户设备（QUE）以及跨越经典时频域与量子纠缠域的混合资源分配机制。本文讨论并展示了量子密钥分发、盲量子计算和分布式量子传感等应用场景的系统设计要求。研究识别了一系列独特的量子约束条件，包括退相干时序、保真度要求以及量子与经典错误概率之间的相互作用。协议适配将蜂窝连接管理扩展至纠缠生成、分发与切换流程，从而将量子互联网延伸至蜂窝无线领域。