In his seminal paper "Computing Machinery and Intelligence", Alan Turing introduced the "imitation game" as part of exploring the concept of machine intelligence. The Turing Test has since been the subject of much analysis, debate, refinement and extension. Here we sidestep the question of whether a particular machine can be labeled intelligent, or can be said to match human capabilities in a given context. Instead, but inspired by Turing, we draw attention to the seemingly simpler challenge of determining whether one is interacting with a human or with a machine, in the context of everyday life. We are interested in reflecting upon the importance of this Human-or-Machine question and the use one may make of a reliable answer thereto. Whereas Turing's original test is widely considered to be more of a thought experiment, the Human-or-Machine question as discussed here has obvious practical significance. And while the jury is still not in regarding the possibility of machines that can mimic human behavior with high fidelity in everyday contexts, we argue that near-term exploration of the issues raised here can contribute to development methods for computerized systems, and may also improve our understanding of human behavior in general.

翻译：在其开创性论文《计算机器与智能》中，艾伦·图灵引入了"模仿游戏"作为探索机器智能概念的一部分。自那时起，图灵测试一直是大量分析、辩论、完善和扩展的主题。在此，我们避开关于特定机器是否可被标记为智能，或是否能在特定情境下匹配人类能力的问题。相反，受图灵启发，我们关注于日常生活中一个看似更简单的挑战：判断交互对象是人类还是机器。我们旨在反思这一"人类还是机器"问题的重要性，以及可靠答案的潜在用途。图灵原始测试普遍被认为更偏向思想实验，而这里讨论的"人类还是机器"问题具有明确的实践意义。尽管目前尚无法断言机器能否在日常场景中高度逼真地模仿人类行为，但我们认为，近期内探索本文提出的问题将有助于开发计算机化系统的方法，并可能提升我们对人类行为普遍规律的理解。