This paper investigates the issue of fairness in Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT), specifically focusing on the shortcomings observed in current blockchain systems due to Miner Extractable Value (MEV) phenomena and systemic centralization. We explore the potential of Directed Acyclic Graphs (DAGs) as a solution to address or mitigate these fairness concerns. Our objective is to gain a comprehensive understanding of fairness in DAG-based DLTs by examining its different aspects and measurement metrics. We aim to establish a shared knowledge base that facilitates accurate fairness assessment and allows for an evaluation of whether DAG-based DLTs offer a more equitable design. We describe the various dimensions of fairness and conduct a comparative analysis to examine how they relate to different components of DLTs. This analysis serves as a catalyst for further research, encouraging the development of cryptographic systems that promote fairness.

翻译：本文研究了分布式账本技术(DLT)中的公平性问题，特别关注当前区块链系统因矿工可提取价值(MEV)现象和系统性中心化而暴露的缺陷。我们探究了有向无环图(DAG)作为应对或缓解这些公平性问题的潜在方案。我们的目标是通过审视公平性的不同维度与度量指标，全面理解DAG-DLT中的公平性内涵。旨在建立共享知识基础，以便准确评估公平性，并评判DAG-DLT是否能够提供更均衡的系统设计。我们描述了公平性的多维特征，并通过比较分析考察了它们与DLT不同组件的关联。该分析为进一步研究提供了推动力，鼓励开发促进公平性的密码学系统。