A digital twin is a powerful tool that can help monitor and optimize physical assets in real-time. Simply put, it is a virtual representation of a physical asset, enabled through data and simulators, that can be used for a variety of purposes such as prediction, monitoring, and decision-making. However, the concept of digital twin can be vague and difficult to understand, which is why a new concept called "capability level" has been introduced. This concept categorizes digital twins based on their capability and defines a scale from zero to five, with each level indicating an increasing level of functionality. These levels are standalone, descriptive, diagnostic, predictive, prescriptive, and autonomous. By understanding the capability level of a digital twin, we can better understand its potential and limitations. To demonstrate the concepts, we use a modern house as an example. The house is equipped with a range of sensors that collect data about its internal state, which can then be used to create digital twins of different capability levels. These digital twins can be visualized in virtual reality, allowing users to interact with and manipulate the virtual environment. The current work not only presents a blueprint for developing digital twins but also suggests future research directions to enhance this technology. Digital twins have the potential to transform the way we monitor and optimize physical assets, and by understanding their capabilities, we can unlock their full potential.

翻译：数字孪生是一种强大的工具，可帮助实时监控和优化物理资产。简而言之，它是由数据和模拟器驱动的物理资产虚拟表示，可用于预测、监控和决策等多种目的。然而，数字孪生的概念可能模糊且难以理解，因此引入了一个名为“能力层级”的新概念。该概念根据能力对数字孪生进行分类，并定义了从零到五的等级，每个等级代表功能水平的递增。这些层级包括：独立型、描述型、诊断型、预测型、处方型和自主型。通过理解数字孪生的能力层级，我们可以更好地把握其潜力与局限。为演示这些概念，我们以一座现代住宅为例。该住宅配备了一系列传感器，用于收集其内部状态数据，这些数据随后可用于创建不同能力层级的数字孪生。这些数字孪生可在虚拟现实中进行可视化，使用户能够与虚拟环境交互并对其进行操作。当前工作不仅提供了开发数字孪生的蓝图，还提出了未来研究方向以增强该技术。数字孪生有潜力改变我们监控和优化物理资产的方式，通过理解其能力，我们可以释放其全部潜力。