Appropriately regulating artificial intelligence is an increasingly urgent policy challenge. Legislatures and regulators lack the specialized knowledge required to best translate public demands into legal requirements. Overreliance on industry self-regulation fails to hold producers and users of AI systems accountable to democratic demands. Regulatory markets, in which governments require the targets of regulation to purchase regulatory services from a private regulator, are proposed. This approach to AI regulation could overcome the limitations of both command-and-control regulation and self-regulation. Regulatory market could enable governments to establish policy priorities for the regulation of AI, whilst relying on market forces and industry R&D efforts to pioneer the methods of regulation that best achieve policymakers' stated objectives.

翻译：对人工智能进行适当监管是一个日益紧迫的政策挑战。立法机构和监管机构缺乏将公众诉求有效转化为法律要求所需的专业知识。过度依赖行业自我监管，无法让人工智能系统的生产者和使用者对民主诉求负责。本文提出了一种监管市场模式，即政府要求被监管对象向私人监管机构购买监管服务。这种人工智能监管方法能够克服命令与控制型监管以及自我监管的局限性。监管市场可以使政府在制定人工智能监管政策优先事项的同时，借助市场力量和企业研发努力，率先探索最能实现政策制定者既定目标的监管方法。