Artificial intelligences (AI) will increasingly participate digitally and physically in conflicts, yet there is a lack of trused communications with humans for humanitarian purposes. In this paper we consider the integration of a communications protocol (the 'whiteflag protocol'), distributed ledger 'blockchain' technology, and information fusion with AI, to improve conflict communications called 'protected assurance understanding situation and entitities' PAUSE. Such a trusted human-AI communication network could provide accountable information exchange regarding protected entities, critical infrastructure, humanitiarian signals and status updates for humans and machines in conflicts. We examine several realistic potential case studies for the integration of these technologies into a trusted human-AI network for humanitarian benefit including mapping a conflict zone with civilians and combatants in real time, preparation to avoid incidents and using the network to manage misinformation. We finish with a real-world example of a PAUSE-like network, the Human Security Information System (HSIS), being developed by USAID, that uses blockchain technology to provide a secure means to better understand the civilian environment.

翻译：中文摘要：人工智能将在冲突中以数字化和物理形式日益参与其中，但目前缺乏用于人道主义目的的可信人机通信机制。本文探讨了通信协议（"白旗协议"）、分布式账本"区块链"技术及人工智能信息融合的整合方案，旨在改进名为"受保护实体认知、理解、保障与态势感知"（PAUSE）的冲突通信体系。这种可信人机通信网络能够为冲突中的人员与机器提供关于受保护实体、关键基础设施、人道主义信号及状态更新的可问责信息交换。我们通过多个现实案例场景分析了这些技术整合为可信人机网络的可行性，包括实时绘制平民与战斗人员共存的冲突区域地图、通过预防性措施避免事件发生，以及利用该网络管理虚假信息。最后，我们以美国国际开发署正在开发的类PAUSE网络——"人类安全信息系统"（HSIS）为例，展示其如何运用区块链技术提供更精准理解平民环境的安全手段。