Many studies have identified particular features of artificial intelligences (AI), such as their autonomy and emotion expression, that affect the extent to which they are treated as subjects of moral consideration. However, there has not yet been a comparison of the relative importance of features as is necessary to design and understand increasingly capable, multi-faceted AI systems. We conducted an online conjoint experiment in which 1,163 participants evaluated descriptions of AIs that varied on these features. All 11 features increased how morally wrong participants considered it to harm the AIs. The largest effects were from human-like physical bodies and prosociality (i.e., emotion expression, emotion recognition, cooperation, and moral judgment). For human-computer interaction designers, the importance of prosociality suggests that, because AIs are often seen as threatening, the highest levels of moral consideration may only be granted if the AI has positive intentions.

翻译：许多研究已经识别出人工智能（AI）的特定特征（例如自主性和情感表达）如何影响它们被视作道德考量对象的程度。然而，对于设计并理解日益强大、多方面的AI系统而言，至今尚未有研究比较这些特征的相对重要性。我们开展了一项在线联合实验，让1163名参与者评估基于这些特征变化的AI描述。所有11项特征均增加了参与者认为伤害该AI在道德上错误程度。影响最大的特征是人类般的身体形态和亲社会性（即情感表达、情感识别、合作与道德判断）。对人机交互设计者而言，亲社会性的重要性表明：由于AI常被视为具有威胁性，只有在AI展现出积极意图时，其才可能获得最高水平的道德考量。