We introduce idea traces, a novel thread-based representation of accretive content across scientific papers. Rather than capturing fixed themes from papers, idea traces surface similarities and deltas of faceted content that enable inspection of how ideas relate and evolve across the citation network. To extract traces, we contribute an LLM pipeline that deconstructs salient transitions between pairs of papers and collates the output into an idea dependency graph. We leverage idea traces in a visual system that supports idea-driven navigation starting from a seed paper, lifting the "plane" of synthesis from papers to ideas. To evaluate the usefulness and quality of generated ideas, we provide a case study that compares our approach with an LLM Q&A workflow, and interview 10 researchers who used our system and annotated 110 ideas. Experts found that our approach helped extract a useful space of connections that would have been difficult to make otherwise. Drawing on their feedback, we outline several promising directions for future research.

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