Finding a free parking space in a city has become a challenging task over the past decades. A recently proposed auction-based parking assignment can alleviate cruising for parking and also set a market-driven, demand-responsive parking price. However, the wide acceptance of such a system is far from certain. To evaluate the merits of auction-based parking assignment, we assume that drivers have access to a smartphone-based reservation system prior to its mandatory introduction and thus have the opportunity to test and experience its merits voluntarily. We set our experiment as Eclipse SUMO simulations with different rates of participants and non-participants to check how different market penetration levels affect the traffic flow, the performance of the auction-based assignment system, and the financial outcomes. The results show that the auction-based system improves traffic flow with increasing penetration rates, allowing participants to park gradually closer to their preferred parking lots. However, it comes with a price; the system also increases parking expenditures for participants. Interestingly, non-participating drivers will face even higher parking prices. Consequently, they will be motivated to use the new system.

翻译：在城市中寻找空闲停车位已成为过去几十年中的一项挑战性任务。最近提出的基于拍卖的停车分配方案能够缓解寻泊巡航现象，同时设定由市场驱动、需求响应的停车价格。然而，此类系统能否被广泛接受尚不确定。为评估基于拍卖的停车分配方案的优势，我们假设在强制推行该系统前，驾驶员可通过基于智能手机的预订系统自愿试用并体验其优势。我们通过Eclipse SUMO仿真设置实验，模拟不同参与者与非参与者的比例，以检验不同市场渗透率如何影响交通流、基于拍卖的分配系统性能以及财务结果。结果表明：随着渗透率提高，基于拍卖的系统能改善交通流，使参与者逐渐停靠更接近其偏好的停车场；但这需付出代价——系统同时增加了参与者的停车支出。有趣的是，非参与者将面临更高的停车价格，从而激励他们使用新系统。