The increasing frequency and severity of wildfires necessitates advanced methods for effective surveillance and management, as traditional ground-based techniques often struggle to adapt to rapidly changing fire behavior and environmental conditions. This study investigates the use of multispectral aerial and satellite imagery for wildfire management through an assessment of current literature and two practical case studies. We evaluate several multispectral indices for their ability to extract environmental features critical for analyzing wildfire behavior, including vegetation, water bodies, and artificial structures. Our results highlight NVDI for vegetation, MNDWI for water features, and MSR for artificial structures as particularly effective for segmentation and feature extraction. The application of these indices enhances wildfire data processing and supports improved monitoring, risk assessment, and response strategies, demonstrating the potential of multispectral imagery to complement traditional wildfire monitoring and management approaches.

翻译：野火发生频率和严重程度的日益增加需要先进的方法来进行有效监测和管理，因为传统的地面技术往往难以适应快速变化的火势行为和环境条件。本研究通过评估现有文献及两个实际案例，探讨了多光谱航空与卫星影像在野火管理中的应用。我们评估了若干多光谱指数在提取分析野火行为所需关键环境特征（包括植被、水体及人工构筑物）方面的能力。研究结果突出表明，NVDI指数适用于植被、MNDWI指数适用于水体特征、MSR指数适用于人工构筑物，它们在分割与特征提取中尤为有效。这些指数的应用增强了野火数据处理能力，并支持改进监测、风险评估及响应策略，展现了多光谱影像补充传统野火监测与管理方法的潜力。