At smaller airports without an instrument approach or advanced equipment, automatic landing of aircraft is a safety-critical task that requires the use of sensors present on the aircraft. In this paper, we study falsification of an automatic landing system for fixed-wing aircraft using a camera as its main sensor. We first present an architecture for vision-based automatic landing, including a vision-based runway distance and orientation estimator and an associated PID controller. We then outline landing specifications that we validate with actual flight data. Using these specifications, we propose the use of the falsification tool Breach to find counterexamples to the specifications in the automatic landing system. Our experiments are implemented using a Beechcraft Baron 58 in the X-Plane flight simulator communicating with MATLAB Simulink.

翻译：在没有仪表进近或先进设备的小型机场，飞机自动着陆是一项依赖机载传感器的安全关键任务。本文研究了以相机为主传感器的固定翼飞机自动着陆系统的反例测试问题。我们首先提出了一种基于视觉的自动着陆架构，包括基于视觉的跑道距离和方向估计器及其关联的PID控制器。随后概述了利用实际飞行数据验证的着陆规范，并基于这些规范采用反例测试工具Breach寻找自动着陆系统中违反规范的场景。实验通过X-Plane飞行模拟器中的Beechcraft Baron 58机型与MATLAB Simulink通信实现。