An efficient three-color (3C) laser excitation-based Rydberg atomic quantum receiver (RAQR) architecture is investigated for wireless communications, utilizing a five-level (5L) electronic transition mechanism. Specifically, the conventional two-color (2C) RAQR with the four-level (4L) excitation faces three fundamental obstacles: 1) high cost and engineering challenges due to the reliance on unstable blue lasers; 2) a fundamental sensitivity limit in thermal atoms caused by residual Doppler broadening; and 3) the inability to detect low-frequency bands due to the energy-level constraint of two-photon resonance. To address these challenges, this paper analyzes a 3C5L-RAQR architecture with all-red/infrared lasers, which not only solves the engineering cost issues but also enables effective Doppler cancellation and low-frequency detection by exhibiting the three-photon resonance. Bridging atomic physics and communication theory, an end-to-end equivalent baseband signal model is derived. Furthermore, the performance of different RAQR architectures is evaluated in terms of sensitivity, achievable capacity and spectrum access range. Moreover, we provide an exact numerical solution for practical RAQRs by employing the Liouvillian superoperator formalism. Numerical results demonstrate that the exhibited 3C5L-RAQR achieves superior sensitivity compared to the conventional 2C4L-RAQR and the classical receiver based on the conductor antenna. Finally, the inherent sensitivity-capacity trade-off is revealed, showing that the 3C5L-RAQR is more suitable for deployment in power-limited communication scenarios demanding broad spectrum access.

翻译：本文研究了一种基于高效三色激光激发的里德伯原子量子接收机架构，该架构利用五能级电子跃迁机制实现无线通信。传统基于四能级激发的双色里德伯原子量子接收机面临三大基础性挑战：1）依赖不稳定的蓝色激光导致成本高昂且工程实现困难；2）残余多普勒展宽限制了热原子的基础灵敏度；3）双光子共振的能级约束使其无法探测低频段。针对上述问题，本文分析了一种采用全红/红外激光器的三色五能级里德伯原子量子接收机架构，该方案不仅解决了工程成本问题，还通过三光子共振效应实现了有效的多普勒消除与低频检测。通过融合原子物理学与通信理论，本文推导了端到端等效基带信号模型。进一步地，从灵敏度、可达容量和频谱接入范围三个维度评估了不同里德伯原子量子接收机架构的性能。此外，采用刘维尔超算符形式给出了实用里德伯原子量子接收机的精确数值解。数值结果表明，所提出的三色五能级里德伯原子量子接收机在灵敏度方面优于传统双色四能级里德伯原子量子接收机及基于导体天线的经典接收机。最后揭示了灵敏度与容量之间的固有折中关系，表明三色五能级里德伯原子量子接收机更适用于需要广谱接入的功率受限通信场景。