An efficient three-color (3C) laser excitation-based Rydberg atomic quantum receiver (RAQR) architecture is investigated for wireless communications, utilizing a five-level (5L) electronic transition mechanism. Specifically, the conventional two-color (2C) RAQR with the four-level (4L) excitation faces three fundamental obstacles: 1) high cost and engineering challenges due to the reliance on unstable blue lasers; 2) a fundamental sensitivity limit in thermal atoms caused by residual Doppler broadening; and 3) the inability to detect low-frequency bands due to the energy-level constraint of two-photon resonance. To address these challenges, this paper analyzes a 3C5L-RAQR architecture with all-red/infrared lasers, which not only solves the engineering cost issues but also enables effective Doppler cancellation and low-frequency detection by exhibiting the three-photon resonance. Bridging atomic physics and communication theory, an end-to-end equivalent baseband signal model is derived. Furthermore, the performance of different RAQR architectures is evaluated in terms of sensitivity, achievable capacity and spectrum access range. Moreover, we provide an exact numerical solution for practical RAQRs by employing the Liouvillian superoperator formalism. Numerical results demonstrate that the exhibited 3C5L-RAQR achieves superior sensitivity compared to the conventional 2C4L-RAQR and the classical receiver based on the conductor antenna. Finally, the inherent sensitivity-capacity trade-off is revealed, showing that the 3C5L-RAQR is more suitable for deployment in power-limited communication scenarios demanding broad spectrum access.

翻译：本文研究了一种基于高效三色(3C)激光激发的Rydberg原子量子接收机(RAQR)架构，用于无线通信，该架构利用五能级(5L)电子跃迁机制。具体而言，传统的基于四能级(4L)激发的双色(2C)RAQR面临三大根本性障碍：1)依赖不稳定的蓝色激光导致成本高昂且面临工程挑战；2)残余多普勒展宽导致热原子存在基本灵敏度极限；3)双光子共振的能级约束使其无法检测低频段。为应对这些挑战，本文分析了一种采用全红/红外激光的3C5L-RAQR架构，该架构不仅解决了工程成本问题，还通过实现三光子共振实现了有效多普勒消除和低频检测。通过桥接原子物理学与通信理论，推导了端到端的等效基带信号模型。此外，从灵敏度、可达容量和频谱接入范围三个方面评估了不同RAQR架构的性能。同时，采用Liouvillian超算符形式为实际RAQR提供了精确数值解。数值结果表明，所提出的3C5L-RAQR相较于传统2C4L-RAQR和基于导体天线的经典接收机实现了更优的灵敏度。最后，揭示了固有的灵敏度-容量折衷关系，表明3C5L-RAQR更适用于需要广谱接入的功率受限通信场景。