Augmented Reality (AR) has emerged as a significant advancement in surgical procedures, offering a solution to the challenges posed by traditional neuronavigation methods. These conventional techniques often necessitate surgeons to split their focus between the surgical site and a separate monitor that displays guiding images. Over the years, many systems have been developed to register and track the hologram at the targeted locations, each employed its own evaluation technique. On the other hand, hologram displacement measurement is not a straightforward task because of various factors such as occlusion, Vengence-Accomodation Conflict, and unstable holograms in space. In this study, we explore and classify different techniques for assessing an AR-assisted neurosurgery system and propose a new technique to systematize the assessment procedure. Moreover, we conduct a deeper investigation to assess surgeon error in the pre- and intra-operative phases of the surgery based on the respective feedback given. We found that although the system can undergo registration and tracking errors, physical feedback can significantly reduce the error caused by hologram displacement. However, the lack of visual feedback on the hologram does not have a significant effect on the user 3D perception.

翻译：增强现实（AR）已成为外科手术领域的一项重大进步，为解决传统神经导航方法带来的挑战提供了解决方案。这些传统技术通常要求外科医生在手术部位与显示引导图像的独立监视器之间分散注意力。多年来，许多系统已被开发用于在目标位置注册和跟踪全息图，每种系统都采用了各自的评估技术。另一方面，全息图位移测量并非一项简单任务，因为会受到遮挡、辐辏调节冲突以及空间中不稳定的全息图等多种因素的影响。在本研究中，我们探索并分类了评估AR辅助神经外科手术系统的不同技术，并提出了一种新的系统化评估流程的方法。此外，我们基于术中和术前阶段各自的反馈，进行了更深入的研究以评估外科医生的误差。我们发现，尽管系统可能存在注册和跟踪误差，但物理反馈能显著减少由全息图位移引起的误差。然而，缺乏对全息图的视觉反馈并不会对用户的三维感知产生显著影响。