A reference-based classification system for individual Scopus publications is presented which takes into account the categories of the papers citing those references instead of the journals in which those cited papers are published. It supports multiple assignments of up to 5 categories within the Scopus ASJC structure, but eliminates the Multidisciplinary Area and the miscellaneous categories, and it allows for the reclassification of a greater number of publications (potentially 100%) than traditional reference-based systems. Twelve variants of the system were obtained by adjusting different parameters, which were applied to the more than 3.2 million citable papers from the active Scientific Journals in 2020 indexed in Scopus. The results were analyzed and compared with other classification systems such as the original journal-based Scopus ASJC, the 2-generation-reference based M3-AWC-0.8 (\'Alvarez-Llorente et al., 2024), and the corresponding authors' assignment based AAC (\'Alvarez-Llorente et al., 2023). The different variants obtained of the classification give results that improve those used as references in multiple scientometric fields. The variation called U1-F-0.8 seems especially promising due to its restraint in assigning multiple categories, consistency with reference classifications and the fact of applying normalization processes to avoid the overinfluence of articles that have a greater number of references.

翻译：本文提出了一种基于引用的Scopus单篇文献分类系统，该方法通过分析引用文献的论文所属类别（而非被引文献所在期刊）进行分类。该系统支持在Scopus ASJC体系内进行最多5个类别的多重归属划分，同时剔除了"多学科领域"及杂项类别，相较于传统基于引用的分类系统，能够对更多文献（理论上可达100%）实现重新分类。通过调整不同参数，我们构建了该系统的12种变体，并将其应用于2020年Scopus收录的活跃科学期刊中超过320万篇可引用论文。研究结果与多种现有分类系统进行了对比分析，包括：基于期刊的原始Scopus ASJC分类、基于两代引用的M3-AWC-0.8系统（Alvarez-Llorente等人，2024），以及基于通讯作者归属的AAC系统（Alvarez-Llorente等人，2023）。实验表明，各变体分类结果在多个科学计量学领域均优于现有参照系统。其中U1-F-0.8变体因具备以下优势而表现尤为突出：在多重类别分配上保持克制、与参照分类系统保持一致性，并通过标准化处理避免高引文献产生过度影响。