Hardware disaggregation seeks to transform Data Center (DC) resources from traditional server fleets into unified resource pools. Despite existing challenges that may hinder its full realization, significant progress has been made in both industry and academia. In this article, we provide an overview of the motivations and recent advancements in hardware disaggregation. We further discuss the research challenges and opportunities associated with disaggregated architectures, focusing on aspects that have received limited attention. We argue that hardware disaggregation has the potential to reshape the entire DC ecosystem, impacting application design, resource scheduling, hardware configuration, cooling, and power system optimization. Additionally, we present a numerical study to illustrate several key aspects of these challenges.

翻译：硬件解耦旨在将数据中心（DC）资源从传统的服务器集群转变为统一的资源池。尽管现有挑战可能阻碍其全面实现，但工业界和学术界均已取得显著进展。本文概述了硬件解耦的动因与最新进展，并进一步探讨了解耦架构相关的研究挑战与机遇，重点关注了当前关注度较低的方面。我们认为硬件解耦有潜力重塑整个数据中心生态系统，影响应用设计、资源调度、硬件配置、冷却及电力系统优化。此外，我们通过数值研究阐述了这些挑战中的若干关键方面。