Recent advances in mobile augmented reality (AR) techniques have shed new light on personal visualization for their advantages of fitting visualization within personal routines, situating visualization in a real-world context, and arousing users' interests. However, enabling non-experts to create data visualization in mobile AR environments is challenging given the lack of tools that allow in-situ design while supporting the binding of data to AR content. Most existing AR authoring tools require working on personal computers or manually creating each virtual object and modifying its visual attributes. We systematically study this issue by identifying the specificity of AR glyph-based visualization authoring tool and distill four design considerations. Following these design considerations, we design and implement MARVisT, a mobile authoring tool that leverages information from reality to assist non-experts in addressing relationships between data and virtual glyphs, real objects and virtual glyphs, and real objects and data. With MARVisT, users without visualization expertise can bind data to real-world objects to create expressive AR glyph-based visualizations rapidly and effortlessly, reshaping the representation of the real world with data. We use several examples to demonstrate the expressiveness of MARVisT. A user study with non-experts is also conducted to evaluate the authoring experience of MARVisT.

翻译：近年来，移动增强现实技术的进步为人机交互中的个人可视化带来了新契机，因其能够将可视化融入日常习惯、将可视化置于真实世界情境中并激发用户兴趣等优势。然而，由于缺乏支持用户在移动AR环境中进行现场设计、同时实现数据与AR内容绑定的工具，非专业用户创建数据可视化仍面临挑战。现有大多数AR创作工具或需在个人计算机上操作，或需手动创建每个虚拟对象并修改其视觉属性。我们通过系统研究识别AR字形可视化创作工具的特性，提炼出四项设计考量。基于这些考量，我们设计并实现了MARVisT——一款利用现实信息辅助非专业用户处理数据与虚拟字形、真实对象与虚拟字形、真实对象与数据之间关系的移动创作工具。借助MARVisT，无可视化专业知识的用户可快速轻松地将数据绑定至真实对象，创建富有表现力的AR字形可视化，以数据重塑现实世界的呈现方式。我们通过多个示例展示MARVisT的表现力，并开展非专业用户实验评估其创作体验。