The design of Large Language Models (LLMs) and generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) has been shown to be "unfair" to less-spoken languages (Petrov et al., 2023) and to deepen the digital language divide (Bella et al., 2023). Critical sociolinguistic work has also argued that these technologies are not only made possible by prior sociohistorical processes of linguistic standardisation, often grounded in European nationalist and colonial projects (Migge and Schneider, 2025), but also exacerbate epistemologies of language as "monolithic, monolingual, syntactically standardized systems of meaning" (Schneider, 2024, p. 5). In our paper, we draw on earlier work on the intersections of technology and language policy (Kelly-Holmes, 2019) and bring our respective expertise in critical sociolinguistics and computational linguistics to bear on an interrogation of these arguments. We take two different complexes of non-standard linguistic varieties in our respective repertoires-South Tyrolean dialects, which are widely used in informal communication in South Tyrol, Italy (Alber et al., 2024), as well as varieties of Kurdish-as starting points to an interdisciplinary exploration of the intersections between GenAI and linguistic variation and standardisation. We discuss both how LLMs can be made to deal with non-standard language from a technical perspective, and whether, when or how this can contribute to "democratic and decolonial digital and machine learning strategies" (Migge and Schneider, 2025, p. 12), which has direct policy implications.

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