The Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) has transformed the healthcare industry by connecting medical devices in monitoring treatment outcomes of patients. This increased connectivity has resulted to significant security vulnerabilities in the case of malware and Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks. This literature review examines the vulnerabilities of IoMT devices, focusing on critical threats and exploring mitigation strategies. We conducted a comprehensive search across leading databases such as ACM Digital Library, IEEE Xplore, and Elsevier to analyze peer-reviewed studies published within the last five years (from 2019 to 2024). The review shows that inadequate encryption protocols, weak authentication methods, and irregular firmware updates are the main causes of risks associated with IoMT devices. We have identified emerging solutions like machine learning algorithms, blockchain technology, and edge computing as promising approaches to enhance IoMT security. This review emphasizes the pressing need to develop lightweight security measures and standardized protocols to protect patient data and ensure the integrity of healthcare services.

翻译：医疗物联网（IoMT）通过连接医疗设备监测患者治疗结果，已彻底改变医疗行业。这种互联性的增强也导致其在恶意软件和分布式拒绝服务（DDoS）攻击下存在显著的安全漏洞。本文献综述系统考察了IoMT设备的脆弱性，聚焦关键威胁并探讨缓解策略。我们在ACM数字图书馆、IEEE Xplore和Elsevier等主流数据库中进行了全面检索，分析了近五年（2019年至2024年）内发表的同行评审研究。综述表明，加密协议不足、身份验证方法薄弱以及固件更新不及时是导致IoMT设备风险的主要根源。我们指出机器学习算法、区块链技术和边缘计算等新兴解决方案是提升IoMT安全性的有效途径。本综述强调亟需开发轻量级安全措施与标准化协议，以保护患者数据并保障医疗服务的完整性。