Antenna arrays can be either reciprocity calibrated (R-calibrated), which facilitates reciprocity-based beamforming, or fully calibrated (F-calibrated), which additionally facilitates transmission and reception in specific physical directions. We first expose, to provide context, the fundamental principles of over-the-air R- and F-calibration of distributed arrays. We then describe a new method for calibration of two arrays that are individually F-calibrated, such that the combined array becomes jointly F-calibrated.

翻译：天线阵列可进行互易性校准（R校准），该方式支持基于互易性的波束赋形；亦可进行全校准（F校准），该方式额外支持在特定物理方向上进行信号收发。为提供背景知识，我们首先阐述了分布式阵列空中R校准与F校准的基本原理。随后，我们描述了一种针对已单独完成F校准的两个阵列进行联合校准的新方法，使得组合后的阵列实现联合F校准。