The vulnerability of 5G networks to jamming attacks has emerged as a significant concern. This paper contributes in two primary aspects. Firstly, it investigates the effect of a multi-jammer on 5G cell metrics, specifically throughput and goodput. The investigation is conducted within the context of a mobility model for user equipment (UE), with a focus on scenarios involving connected vehicles (CVs) engaged in a mission. Secondly, the vulnerability of synchronization signal block (SSB) components is examined concerning jamming power and beam sweeping. Notably, the study reveals that increasing jamming power beyond 40 dBm in our specific scenario configuration no longer decreases network throughput due to the re-transmission of packets through the hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) process. Furthermore, it is observed that under the same jamming power, the physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) is more vulnerable than the primary synchronization signal (PSS) and secondary synchronization signal (SSS). However, a smart jammer can disrupt the cell search process by injecting less power and targeting PSS-SSS or physical broadcast channel (PBCH) data compared to a barrage jammer. On the other hand, beam sweeping proves effective in mitigating the impact of a smart jammer, reducing the error vector magnitude root mean square from 51.59% to 23.36% under the same jamming power.

翻译：5G网络对干扰攻击的脆弱性已成为一个重要关注点。本文主要在两方面做出贡献。首先，研究了多干扰源对5G蜂窝性能指标（特别是吞吐量与有效吞吐量）的影响。该研究在用户设备（UE）移动模型的背景下进行，重点关注执行任务的网联车辆（CV）相关场景。其次，针对同步信号块（SSB）组件在干扰功率与波束扫描方面的脆弱性进行了分析。值得注意的是，研究发现，在本研究特定场景配置中，当干扰功率超过40 dBm后，由于混合自动重传请求（HARQ）过程的数据包重传机制，网络吞吐量不再继续下降。此外，研究还观察到，在相同干扰功率下，物理下行共享信道（PDSCH）比主同步信号（PSS）和辅同步信号（SSS）更为脆弱。然而，与阻塞式干扰机相比，智能干扰机可通过注入更低功率并针对PSS-SSS或物理广播信道（PBCH）数据来破坏蜂窝搜索过程。另一方面，波束扫描技术被证明能有效缓解智能干扰的影响，在相同干扰功率下可将误差矢量幅度均方根值从51.59%降低至23.36%。