In this paper, we augment existing techniques for simulating flexible objects to include models for crack initiation and propagation in three-dimensional volumes. By analyzing the stress tensors computed over a finite element model, the simulation determines where cracks should initiate and in what directions they should propagate. We demonstrate our results with animations of breaking bowls, cracking walls, and objects that fracture when they collide. By varying the shape of the objects, the material properties, and the initial conditions of the simulations, we can create strikingly different effects ranging from a wall that shatters when it is hit by a wrecking ball to a bowl that breaks in two when it is dropped on edge. This paper received the SIGGRAPH 99 Impact Award.

翻译：本文通过引入裂纹萌生与传播的三维体积模型，对现有柔性物体模拟技术进行了增强。通过分析有限元模型计算的应力张量，模拟程序可确定裂纹的萌生位置及扩展方向。我们通过破碎的碗、开裂的墙体以及碰撞后断裂的物体动画演示了研究结果。通过改变物体形状、材料属性及模拟初始条件，我们能创造出差异显著的视觉效果——从被破碎球撞击而粉碎的墙体，到边缘着地后裂成两半的碗。本文荣获SIGGRAPH 99影响力奖。