The neutral atom array has gained prominence in quantum computing for its scalability and operation fidelity. Previous works focus on fixed atom arrays (FAAs) that require extensive SWAP operations for long-range interactions. This work explores a novel architecture reconfigurable atom arrays (RAAs), also known as field programmable qubit arrays (FPQAs), which allows for coherent atom movements during circuit execution under some constraints. Such atom movements, which are unique to this architecture, could reduce the cost of long-range interactions significantly if the atom movements could be scheduled strategically. In this work, we introduce Atomique, a compilation framework designed for qubit mapping, atom movement, and gate scheduling for RAA. Atomique contains a qubit-array mapper to decide the coarse-grained mapping of the qubits to arrays, leveraging MAX k-Cut on a constructed gate frequency graph to minimize SWAP overhead. Subsequently, a qubit-atom mapper determines the fine-grained mapping of qubits to specific atoms in the array and considers load balance to prevent hardware constraint violations. We further propose a router that identifies parallel gates, schedules them simultaneously, and reduces depth. We evaluate Atomique across 20+ diverse benchmarks, including generic circuits (arbitrary, QASMBench, SupermarQ), quantum simulation, and QAOA circuits. Atomique consistently outperforms IBM Superconducting, FAA with long-range gates, and FAA with rectangular and triangular topologies, achieving significant reductions in depth and the number of two-qubit gates.

翻译：中性原子阵列因其可扩展性和操作保真度而在量子计算领域备受关注。以往的研究主要聚焦于固定原子阵列，该阵列需要大量SWAP操作来实现长程相互作用。本研究探索了一种新颖架构——可重构原子阵列，亦称为现场可编程量子比特阵列，其允许在电路执行过程中在特定约束下进行相干原子移动。这种架构独有的原子移动特性，若能对原子移动进行策略性调度，可显著降低长程相互作用的开销。本文提出Atomique编译框架，专为RAA的量子比特映射、原子移动和门调度而设计。Atomique包含一个量子比特-阵列映射器，通过构建门频率图并采用MAX k-Cut方法确定量子比特到阵列的粗粒度映射，以最小化SWAP开销。随后，量子比特-原子映射器决定量子比特到阵列中特定原子的细粒度映射，并考虑负载均衡以防止硬件约束违规。我们进一步提出了一种路由器，用于识别并行门并同时调度它们，从而降低电路深度。我们在20余个多样化基准测试中评估了Atomique，包括通用电路、量子模拟和QAOA电路。与IBM超导架构、带长程门的FAA以及矩形和三角形拓扑FAA相比，Atomique在电路深度和双量子比特门数量方面均实现了显著降低。