Software Development Waste (SDW) is defined as any resource-consuming activity that does not add value to the client or the organization developing the software. SDW impacts the overall efficiency and productivity of a software project as the scale and size of the project grows. Although engineering leaders usually put in effort to minimize waste, the lack of definitive measures to track and manage SDW is a cause of concern. To address this gap, we propose five measures, namely Stale Forks, Project Diversification Index, PR Rejection Rate, Backlog Inversion Index, and Feature Fulfillment Rate to potentially identify unused artifacts, building the wrong feature/product, mismanagement of backlog types of SDW. We apply these measures on ten open-source projects and share our observations to apply them in practice for managing SDW.

翻译：软件开发浪费（SDW）被定义为任何消耗资源却未给客户或软件开发组织增加价值的活动。随着项目规模和体量的增长，SDW会影响软件项目的整体效率与生产力。尽管工程领导者通常致力于减少浪费，但缺乏明确的度量方法来追踪和管理SDW仍是一个令人担忧的问题。为填补这一空白，我们提出了五种度量指标，即陈旧分支、项目多元化指数、PR拒绝率、待办事项倒置指数和功能实现率，用以潜在识别未使用的制品、构建错误功能/产品、待办事项类型管理不善等SDW。我们将这些度量指标应用于十个开源项目，并分享了在实践中应用它们以管理SDW的观察结果。