In the last century the automotive industry has arguably transformed society, being one of the most complex, sophisticated and technologically advanced industries, with innovations ranging from hybrid, electric and self-driving smart cars to the development of IoT-connected cars. Due to its complexity, it requires the involvement of many Industry 4.0 technologies, like robotics, advanced manufacturing systems, cyber-physical systems or augmented reality. One of the latest technologies that can benefit the automotive industry is blockchain, which can enhance its data security, privacy, anonymity, traceability, accountability, integrity, robustness, transparency, trustworthiness and authentication, as well as provide long-term sustainability and a higher operational efficiency to the whole industry. This review analyzes the great potential of applying blockchain technologies to the automotive industry emphasizing its cybersecurity features. Thus, the applicability of blockchain is evaluated after examining the state-of-the-art and devising the main stakeholders' current challenges. Furthermore, the article describes the most relevant use cases, since the broad adoption of blockchain unlocks a wide area of short- and medium-term promising automotive applications that can create new business models and even disrupt the car-sharing economy as we know it. Finally, after a Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT) analysis, some recommendations are enumerated with the aim of guiding researchers and companies in future cyber-resilient automotive industry developments.

翻译：在上个世纪，汽车行业可以说是改变了社会，它是最复杂、精密且技术先进的行业之一，其创新范围从混合动力、电动和自动驾驶智能汽车，到物联网互联汽车的发展。由于其复杂性，该行业需要众多工业4.0技术的参与，例如机器人技术、先进制造系统、信息物理系统或增强现实。能够使汽车行业受益的最新一项技术是区块链，它可以增强数据安全性、隐私性、匿名性、可追溯性、问责性、完整性、稳健性、透明度、可信度和身份验证，并为整个行业提供长期可持续性和更高的运营效率。本综述分析了将区块链技术应用于汽车行业的巨大潜力，并重点强调了其网络安全特性。因此，本文在考察了相关最新技术现状并梳理了主要利益相关者当前面临的挑战后，评估了区块链的适用性。此外，文章描述了最相关的应用案例，因为广泛采用区块链将开启广阔的中短期前景广阔的汽车应用领域，这些应用可以创造新的商业模式，甚至颠覆我们所熟知的汽车共享经济。最后，在进行了优势、劣势、机遇和威胁（SWOT）分析后，本文列举了一些建议，旨在指导研究人员和公司未来进行具备网络弹性的汽车行业开发。