Over-the-air computation (AirComp) has emerged as a promising technology for fast wireless data aggregation by harnessing the superposition property of wireless multiple-access channels. This paper investigates a fluid antenna (FA) array-enhanced AirComp system, employing the new degrees of freedom achieved by antenna movements. Specifically, we jointly optimize the transceiver design and antenna position vector (APV) to minimize the mean squared error (MSE) between target and estimated function values. To tackle the resulting highly non-convex problem, we adopt an alternating optimization technique to decompose it into three subproblems. These subproblems are then iteratively solved until convergence, leading to a locally optimal solution. Numerical results show that FA arrays with the proposed transceiver and APV design significantly outperform the traditional fixed-position antenna arrays in terms of MSE.

翻译：空中计算（AirComp）通过利用无线多址信道的叠加特性，已成为一种实现快速无线数据聚合的前沿技术。本文研究了一种流体天线（FA）阵列增强的AirComp系统，利用天线移动带来的新自由度。具体而言，我们联合优化收发机设计与天线位置向量（APV），以最小化目标函数值与估计函数值之间的均方误差（MSE）。为解决由此产生的高度非凸问题，我们采用交替优化技术将其分解为三个子问题。这些子问题通过迭代求解直至收敛，从而获得局部最优解。数值结果表明，采用所提收发机与APV设计的流体天线阵列在MSE性能上显著优于传统的固定位置天线阵列。