Satellite communication systems (SatCom) is a brand-new network that uses artificial Earth satellites as relay stations to provide communication services such as broadband Internet access to various users on land, sea, air and in space. It features wide coverage, relatively high transmission rates and strong anti-interference capabilities. Security authentication is of crucial significance for the stable operation and widespread application of satellite communication systems. It can effectively prevent unauthorized access, ensuring that only users and devices that pass security authentication can access the satellite network. It also ensures the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of data during transmission and storage, preventing data from being stolen, tampered with, or damaged. By means of literature research and comparative analysis, this paper carries out on a comprehensive survey towards the security authentication methods used by SatCom. This paper first summarizes the existing SatCom authentication methods as five categories, namely, those based on cryptography, Blockchain, satellite orbital information, the AKA protocol and physical hardware respectively. Subsequently, a comprehensive comparative analysis is carried out on the above-mentioned five categories of security authentication methods from four dimensions, i.e., security, implementation difficulty and cost, applicable scenarios and real-time performance, and the final comparison results are following obtained. Finally, prospects are made for several important future research directions of security authentication methods for SatCom, laying a well foundation for further carrying on the related research works.

翻译：卫星通信系统是一种以人造地球卫星为中继站，为陆地、海洋、空中及空间各类用户提供宽带互联网接入等通信服务的新型网络，具有覆盖范围广、传输速率较高、抗干扰能力强等特点。安全认证对于卫星通信系统的稳定运行与广泛应用至关重要。它能有效防止未经授权的访问，确保只有通过安全认证的用户和设备才能接入卫星网络，同时保障数据在传输和存储过程中的机密性、完整性与可用性，防止数据被窃取、篡改或破坏。本文通过文献调研与比较分析，对卫星通信系统采用的安全认证方法进行了全面综述。首先，将现有卫星通信认证方法归纳为基于密码学、基于区块链、基于卫星轨道信息、基于AKA协议以及基于物理硬件的五类方法。随后，从安全性、实现难度与成本、适用场景以及实时性四个维度，对上述五类安全认证方法进行了综合比较分析，并得出最终比较结果。最后，对卫星通信系统安全认证方法未来的若干重要研究方向进行了展望，为进一步开展相关研究工作奠定良好基础。