Existing studies analyzing electromagnetic field (EMFE) in wireless networks have primarily considered downlink communications. In the uplink, the EMFE caused by the user's smartphone is usually the only considered source of radiation, thereby ignoring contributions caused by other active neighboring devices. In addition, the network coverage and EMFE are typically analyzed independently for both the uplink and downlink, while a joint analysis would be necessary to fully understand the network performance and answer various questions related to optimal network deployment. This paper bridges these gaps by presenting an enhanced stochastic geometry framework that includes the above aspects. The proposed topology features base stations modeled via a homogeneous Poisson point process. The users active during a same time slot are distributed according to a mixture of a Mat\'ern cluster process and a Gauss-Poisson process, featuring groups of users possibly carrying several equipments. In this paper, we derive the marginal and meta distributions of the downlink and uplink EMFE and we characterize the uplink to downlink EMFE ratio. Moreover, we derive joint probability metrics considering the uplink and downlink coverage and EMFE. These metrics are evaluated in four scenarios considering BS, cluster and/or intracluster densifications. Our numerical results highlight the existence of optimal node densities maximizing these joint probabilities.

翻译：现有针对无线网络中电磁场（EMFE）的研究主要集中于下行通信。在上行链路中，通常仅考虑用户智能手机产生的电磁场辐射，而忽略了其他邻近活跃设备造成的辐射贡献。此外，网络覆盖与电磁场暴露在上下行链路中通常被独立分析，而全面理解网络性能及回答与最优网络部署相关的各类问题需要进行联合分析。本文通过提出一个包含上述维度的增强型随机几何框架来弥补这些研究空白。所提出的拓扑结构采用齐次泊松点过程对基站进行建模。在同一时隙内活跃用户的分布则采用马特恩簇过程与高斯-泊松过程的混合模型，该模型能够表征可能携带多台设备的用户群组。本文推导了下行与上行电磁场暴露的边缘分布与元分布，并刻画了上行与下行电磁场暴露比值。此外，我们建立了综合考虑上下行覆盖与电磁场暴露的联合概率度量。通过在基站、簇级及/或簇内密集化四种场景下对这些度量进行评估，数值结果揭示了最大化这些联合概率的最优节点密度存在性。