Research software is an integral part of most research today and it is widely accepted that research software artifacts should be accessible and reproducible. However, the sustainable archival of research software artifacts is an ongoing effort. We identify research software artifacts as snapshots of the current state of research and an integral part of a sustainable cycle of software development, research, and publication. We develop requirements and recommendations to improve the archival, access, and reuse of research software artifacts based on installable, configurable, extensible research software, and sustainable public open-access infrastructure. The described goal is to enable the reuse and exploration of research software beyond published research results, in parallel with reproducibility efforts, and in line with the FAIR principles for data and software. Research software artifacts can be reused in varying scenarios. To this end, we design a multi-modal representation concept supporting multiple reuse scenarios. We identify types of research software artifacts that can be viewed as different modes of the same software-based research result, for example, installation-free configurable browser-based apps to containerized environments, descriptions in journal publications and software documentation, or source code with installation instructions. We discuss how the sustainability and reuse of research software are enhanced or enabled by a suitable archive infrastructure. Finally, at the example of a pilot project at the University of Stuttgart, Germany -- a collaborative effort between research software developers and infrastructure providers -- we outline practical challenges and experiences

翻译：研究软件是当今大多数研究不可或缺的组成部分，且业界普遍认同研究软件制品应具备可访问性和可重现性。然而，研究软件制品的可持续归档仍是一项持续努力的工作。我们将研究软件制品视为研究当前状态的快照，以及软件开发、研究与出版可持续循环中的关键组成部分。基于可安装、可配置、可扩展的研究软件及可持续的公共开放访问基础设施，我们提出了改进研究软件制品归档、访问和重用的需求与建议。所述目标是：在可重现性工作并行推进的同时，使研究软件能够在已发表研究成果之外被重用与探索，并符合数据和软件的FAIR原则。研究软件制品可在不同场景下被重用，为此我们设计了一种支持多种重用场景的多模态表示概念。我们识别出可被视为同一基于软件的研究结果不同模式的研究软件制品类型，例如免安装的可配置浏览器应用与容器化环境、期刊出版物与软件文档中的描述、或附带安装指南的源代码。我们探讨了合适的归档基础设施如何增强或实现研究软件的可重用性与可持续性。最后，以德国斯图加特大学的一项试点项目——研究软件开发人员与基础设施提供者的协作努力——为例，概述了实践中的挑战与经验。