During 2025 and 2026, the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive is being implemented in the European Union member states, requiring all member states to have National Building Renovation Plans. In Sweden, there is no comprehensive national register of buildings with heritage values. This is seen as a barrier for the analyses underlying the development of Building Renovation Plans by the involved Swedish authorities. The purpose of this research was to assist Swedish authorities in developing information on heritage values in the Swedish building stock. Buildings in street view images from all over Sweden (N=154 710) have been analysed using multimodal Large Language Models (LLM) to assess visible aspects indicative of heritage value. Zero-shot predictions by LLMs were used as a basis for identifying buildings with potential heritage values for 5.0 million square meters of heated floor area. In this paper, the results of the predictions and lessons learned are presented and related to the development of the Swedish Building Renovation Plan as part of governance. The problems with the method and potential improvements are discussed. Risks with authorities use of LLM-based data are addressed, with a focus on issues of transparency, error detection and sycophancy.

翻译：在2025至2026年间，欧盟成员国正在实施《建筑能效指令》，要求所有成员国制定国家建筑翻新计划。瑞典目前缺乏全国性建筑遗产价值综合登记系统，这被相关瑞典机构视为制定建筑翻新计划分析工作的障碍。本研究旨在协助瑞典当局获取瑞典建筑存量中的遗产价值信息。通过分析覆盖瑞典全境的街景图像（N=154,710），采用多模态大语言模型（LLM）评估反映遗产价值的可见特征。基于LLM的零样本预测结果，为识别具有潜在遗产价值的建筑提供了依据，涉及500万平方米供暖面积。本文呈现了预测结果及经验教训，并将其与作为治理环节的瑞典建筑翻新计划制定相关联。讨论了方法存在的问题及潜在改进方向，重点关注LLM生成数据在透明度、错误检测及谄媚倾向等方面的风险，并探讨了当局使用此类数据时的伦理与政策影响。