Objective: This paper proposes a novel type of stimulus in the shape of sinusoidal gratings displayed with an imperceptibly high-frequency motion. The stimulus has been designed for use in BCI (Brain Computer Interface) applications that employ visually evoked potentials (VEPs) in an effort to mitigate discomfort associated with VEPs. The stimuli set included traditional VEP stimuli, already established in the literature, allowing comparative analyses. We conducted analyses of signal distinction measures by calculating the signal-to-noise ratio and the classification performance of its evoked potentials. Methods: Fourteen participants were seated in a dimly lit room facing a display. Participants' fixation on the central stimulus was controlled by means of a desktop eye tracker. Participants attended a flicker-based steady-state VEP (SSVEP) task, a motion-based steady-state-motion VEP (SSMVEP) task, and the novel stimulus task (the imperceptible grating SSMVEP). Participants were asked to complete behavioral fatigue scale tasks. Results: A significant effect of stimulus type was observed, accompanied by insignificant differences in prediction accuracy. Partially significant task effects were obtained in fatigue scale tasks. Conclusion: The study revealed that the imperceptible grating SSMVEP stimulus successfully evoked SSMVEP responses within acceptable margins in the related cortical regions. This novel stimulus contributes to BCI research by providing an imperceptible interface, improving already established stimuli design in the SSVEP and the SSMVEP literature. Significance: The present paper provides a novel SSMVEP stimulus type that may inform the future design of effective VEP-based BCI paradigms that allow seamless interaction with computer interfaces.

翻译：目的：本文提出一种以正弦光栅形式呈现、采用不可察觉高频运动的新型刺激。该刺激专为基于视觉诱发电位（VEP）的脑机接口（BCI）应用设计，旨在缓解VEP相关的不适感。刺激组包含文献中已确立的传统VEP刺激，以进行对比分析。我们通过计算信号信噪比及其诱发电位的分类性能，对信号区分指标进行了分析。方法：14名受试者坐在昏暗房间内面对显示器。通过桌面眼动仪控制受试者对中央刺激的注视。受试者依次完成基于闪烁的稳态视觉诱发电位（SSVEP）任务、基于运动的稳态运动视觉诱发电位（SSMVEP）任务，以及新型刺激任务（不可察觉光栅SSMVEP）。受试者需完成行为疲劳量表任务。结果：观察到刺激类型具有显著效应，而预测精度差异不显著。疲劳量表任务中部分任务效应显著。结论：研究表明，不可察觉光栅SSMVEP刺激成功在相关皮层区域诱发出可接受范围内的SSMVEP响应。该新型刺激通过提供不可察觉的交互界面，改进了SSVEP与SSMVEP文献中已确立的刺激设计，为BCI研究做出贡献。意义：本文提出了一种新型SSMVEP刺激类型，可为未来设计基于VEP的高效BCI范式提供参考，实现与计算机界面的无缝交互。