Coordination is a fundamental aspect of life. The advent of social media has made it integral also to online human interactions, such as those that characterize thriving online communities and social movements. At the same time, coordination is also core to effective disinformation, manipulation, and hate campaigns. This survey collects, categorizes, and critically discusses the body of work produced as a result of the growing interest on coordinated online behavior. We reconcile industry and academic definitions, propose a comprehensive framework to study coordinated online behavior, and review and critically discuss the existing detection and characterization methods. Our analysis identifies open challenges and promising directions of research, serving as a guide for scholars, practitioners, and policymakers in understanding and addressing the complexities inherent to online coordination.

翻译：协调是生活的基本要素。社交媒体的兴起使其成为线上人际互动的核心，例如蓬勃发展的在线社区和社会运动中的典型互动。与此同时，协调也是虚假信息、操纵和仇恨运动得以有效开展的关键因素。本综述收集、分类并批判性地讨论了因对在线协调行为日益关注而产生的相关研究成果。我们整合了工业界与学术界的定义，提出了一个研究在线协调行为的综合框架，并回顾与批判性地探讨了现有检测与表征方法。我们的分析识别了开放挑战及有前景的研究方向，为学者、从业者及政策制定者理解并应对在线协调固有的复杂性提供了指导。