Psychological insights have long shaped pivotal NLP breakthroughs, from attention mechanisms to reinforcement learning and social modeling. As Large Language Models (LLMs) develop, there is a rising consensus that psychology is essential for capturing human-like cognition, behavior, and interaction. This paper reviews how psychological theories can inform and enhance stages of LLM development. Our review integrates insights from six subfields of psychology, including cognitive, developmental, behavioral, social, personality psychology, and psycholinguistics. With stage-wise analysis, we highlight current trends and gaps in how psychological theories are applied. By examining both cross-domain connections and points of tension, we aim to bridge disciplinary divides and promote more thoughtful integration of psychology into NLP research.

翻译：长期以来，心理学洞见一直塑造着自然语言处理领域的关键突破，从注意力机制到强化学习与社会建模。随着大型语言模型的发展，学界日益形成共识：心理学对于捕捉类人的认知、行为与交互至关重要。本文综述了心理学理论如何为大型语言模型的开发阶段提供启示与增强。本综述整合了心理学六个子领域的洞见，包括认知心理学、发展心理学、行为心理学、社会心理学、人格心理学与心理语言学。通过分阶段分析，我们强调了当前心理学理论应用中的趋势与不足。通过审视跨领域联系与张力点，我们旨在弥合学科鸿沟，并促进心理学更深入地融入自然语言处理研究。