International institutions may have an important role to play in ensuring advanced AI systems benefit humanity. International collaborations can unlock AI's ability to further sustainable development, and coordination of regulatory efforts can reduce obstacles to innovation and the spread of benefits. Conversely, the potential dangerous capabilities of powerful and general-purpose AI systems create global externalities in their development and deployment, and international efforts to further responsible AI practices could help manage the risks they pose. This paper identifies a set of governance functions that could be performed at an international level to address these challenges, ranging from supporting access to frontier AI systems to setting international safety standards. It groups these functions into four institutional models that exhibit internal synergies and have precedents in existing organizations: 1) a Commission on Frontier AI that facilitates expert consensus on opportunities and risks from advanced AI, 2) an Advanced AI Governance Organization that sets international standards to manage global threats from advanced models, supports their implementation, and possibly monitors compliance with a future governance regime, 3) a Frontier AI Collaborative that promotes access to cutting-edge AI, and 4) an AI Safety Project that brings together leading researchers and engineers to further AI safety research. We explore the utility of these models and identify open questions about their viability.

翻译：国际机构在确保高级人工智能系统造福人类方面可能发挥重要作用。国际合作可以释放人工智能促进可持续发展的潜力，而监管行动的协调可以减少创新障碍并扩大效益范围。相反，强大且通用的人工智能系统所具备的潜在危险能力，在其开发与部署过程中产生了全球性外部效应，而推动负责任人工智能实践的国际努力有助于管理其所带来的风险。本文确定了一组可在国际层面履行的治理职能，以应对这些挑战，其范围涵盖从支持获取前沿人工智能系统到制定国际安全标准。我们将这些职能归入四种具有内在协同效应且现有组织已有先例的制度模式：1）前沿人工智能委员会，旨在促进专家就高级人工智能带来的机遇与风险达成共识；2）高级人工智能治理组织，负责制定国际标准以管理高级模型带来的全球威胁、支持其实施，并可能监督未来治理制度的遵守情况；3）前沿人工智能协作体，旨在促进对尖端人工智能的获取；4）人工智能安全项目，汇集顶尖研究人员与工程师，以推进人工智能安全研究。我们探讨了这些模式的效用，并指出了关于其可行性的待解决问题。