The Satellite-Terrestrial Integrated Network (STIN) enhances end-to-end transmission by simultaneously utilizing terrestrial and satellite networks, offering significant benefits in scenarios like emergency response and cross-continental communication. Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite networks offer reduced Round Trip Time (RTT) for long-distance data transmission and serve as a crucial backup during terrestrial network failures. Meanwhile, terrestrial networks are characterized by ample bandwidth resources and generally more stable link conditions. Therefore, integrating Multipath TCP (MPTCP) into STIN is vital for optimizing resource utilization and ensuring efficient data transfer by exploiting the complementary strengths of both networks. However, the inherent challenges of STIN, such as heterogeneity, instability, and handovers, pose difficulties for traditional multipath schedulers, which are typically designed for terrestrial networks. We propose a novel multipath data scheduling approach for STIN, Adaptive Latency Compensation Scheduler (ALCS), to address these issues. ALCS refines transmission latency estimates by incorporating RTT, congestion window size, inflight and queuing packets, and satellite trajectory information. It further employs adaptive mechanisms for latency compensation and proactive handover management. It further employs adaptive mechanisms for latency compensation and proactive handover management. Implemented in the MPTCP Linux Kernel and evaluated in a simulated STIN testbed, ALCS outperforms existing multipath schedulers, delivering faster data transmission and achieving throughput gains of 9.8% to 44.0% compared to benchmark algorithms.

翻译：星地融合网络通过同时利用地面网络与卫星网络来增强端到端传输性能，在应急响应和跨洲通信等场景中具有显著优势。低地球轨道卫星网络为长距离数据传输提供了更低的往返时延，并可作为地面网络故障时的重要备份。同时，地面网络具有充足的带宽资源且链路条件通常更为稳定。因此，将多路径TCP集成到星地融合网络中，对于通过发挥两种网络的互补优势来优化资源利用并确保高效数据传输至关重要。然而，星地融合网络固有的异构性、不稳定性及切换等挑战，给通常为地面网络设计的传统多路径调度器带来了困难。本文针对这些问题提出了一种面向星地融合网络的新型多路径数据调度方法——自适应延迟补偿调度器。该调度器通过综合往返时延、拥塞窗口大小、在途与排队数据包以及卫星轨迹信息来优化传输延迟估计，并进一步采用自适应机制进行延迟补偿与主动切换管理。通过在MPTCP Linux内核中实现并在模拟星地融合网络测试平台上进行评估，ALCS性能优于现有多路径调度器，能够实现更快的数据传输，相比基准算法可获得9.8%至44.0%的吞吐量提升。