Integrating different functionalities, conventionally implemented as dedicated systems, into a single platform allows utilising the available resources more efficiently. We consider an integrated sensing and power transfer (ISAPT) system and propose the joint optimisation of the rectangular pulse-shaped transmit signal and the beamforming design to combine sensing and wireless power transfer (WPT) functionalities efficiently. In contrast to prior works, we adopt an accurate non-linear circuit-based energy harvesting (EH) model. We formulate a non-convex optimisation problem for a general number of EH receivers and a single sensing target (ST) and solve the problem via a grid search over the pulse duration, semidefinite relaxation (SDR), and successive convex approximation (SCA). The average harvested power is shown to monotonically increase with the pulse duration when the average transmit power budget is large. We discuss the trade-off between sensing performance and power transfer of the ISAPT system. The proposed approach significantly outperforms a heuristic baseline scheme based on a linear EH model, which linearly combines energy beamforming with the beamsteering vector in the direction to the ST as its transmit strategy.

翻译：将传统上实现为专用系统的不同功能集成到单一平台上，可以更高效地利用现有资源。我们考虑一种集成感知与功率传输（ISAPT）系统，并提出矩形脉冲形状发射信号与波束成形设计的联合优化方案，以高效融合感知与无线功率传输（WPT）功能。与先前工作不同，我们采用基于非线性电路的精确能量采集（EH）模型。针对一般数量的EH接收器与单个感知目标（ST），我们构建了一个非凸优化问题，并通过脉冲持续时间的网格搜索、半定松弛（SDR）和逐次凸近似（SCA）求解该问题。结果表明，当平均发射功率预算较大时，平均采集功率随脉冲持续时间单调增加。我们讨论了ISAPT系统中感知性能与功率传输之间的权衡。所提方法显著优于一种基于线性EH模型的启发式基线方案——该方案将能量波束成形与指向ST方向的波束导向向量线性组合作为其发射策略。