Autonomous agents negotiate, purchase, deploy code, and move funds, but no neutral mechanism determines whether they met their delegated obligation, who is responsible when they did not, or which settlement action follows. This is the agentic clearing problem. Tool protocols (MCP), inter-agent communication (A2A), payment rails (x402), mandate and network agent protocols (AP2, Visa, Mastercard), and settlement-risk standards each assume that determination and none produce it. Clearing is the missing primitive. Payment is not clearing. Authorization is not clearing. LLM-as-judge evaluation is not clearing. Settlement-risk escrow is not clearing: it consumes clearing decisions. RAILS (Real-Time Agent Integrity & Ledger Settlement) is the integrity and clearing layer for agentic commerce, spanning a per-output reliability score, a published reliability record, and a clearing function that consumes them. The clearing protocol at its core closes that gap. Seven primitives (Obligation Object, Evidence Envelope, Verification Mesh, Clearing Decision, Settlement Instruction, Clearing Passport, Finality Rules), bound by a formal model of admissibility-graded verification, together yield a soundness property: no financially material settlement is supported by evidence below the obligation's admissibility floor. The property is falsifiable against the spec. We are not aware of a prior agent-commerce verification mechanism that states a property of this kind. The approaches nearest to it emit a pass, a delivery guarantee, a bare score, or an equilibrium. This paper specifies that clearing protocol.

翻译：自主代理进行谈判、购买、部署代码和转移资金，但缺乏一种中立机制来确定它们是否履行了委托义务、在未履行时谁应承担责任、或后续应执行何种结算行动。这就是代理清算问题。工具协议（MCP）、代理间通信（A2A）、支付轨道（x402）、委托与网络代理协议（AP2、Visa、Mastercard）以及结算风险标准均假设存在这种判定，而实际上无一能产生它。清算正是缺失的基元。支付不是清算。授权不是清算。将LLM作为评判者的评估不是清算。结算风险托管不是清算：它消耗清算决策。RAILS（实时代理完整性与账本结算）是面向代理型商业的完整性与清算层，涵盖每个输出的可靠性评分、已发布的可靠性记录，以及消耗它们的清算函数。其核心的清算协议填补了这一空白。七个基元（义务对象、证据封套、验证网格、清算决策、结算指令、清算护照、终局性规则），由形式化模型（可采纳性分级验证）约束，共同产生一个可靠性属性：没有任何关键财务结算得到低于义务可采纳性下限的证据支持。该属性可通过规范进行证伪。据我们所知，此前没有代理商业验证机制能声明此类属性。最接近的方法要么输出“通过”，要么提供交付保证、简单评分或平衡态。本文对该清算协议进行了详细说明。