Contributing to the toolbox for interpreting election results, we evaluate the robustness of election winners to random noise. We compare the robustness of different voting rules and evaluate the robustness of real-world election winners from the Formula 1 World Championship and some variant of political elections. We find many instances of elections that have very non-robust winners and numerous delicate robustness patterns that cannot be identified using classical and simpler approaches.

翻译：为了帮助解释选举结果的工具箱,我们评估了选举胜选者的稳健性与随机噪音。我们比较了不同投票规则的稳健性,并评估了“公式1世界冠军赛”和一些政治选举变体中真实世界选举胜选者的稳健性。 我们发现,许多选举的胜选者非常无压,许多微妙的稳健性模式无法用传统和简单的方法加以识别。