We study the energy efficiency of pinching-antenna systems (PASSs) by developing a consistent formulation for power distribution in these systems. The per-antenna power distribution in PASSs is not controlled explicitly by a power allocation policy, but rather implicitly through tuning of pinching couplings and locations. Both these factors are tunable: (i) pinching locations are tuned using movable elements, and (ii) couplings can be tuned by varying the effective coupling length of the pinching elements. While the former is feasible to be addressed dynamically in settings with low user mobility, the latter cannot be addressed at a high rate. We thus develop a class of hybrid dynamic-static algorithms, which maximize the energy efficiency by updating the system parameters at different rates. Our experimental results depict that dynamic tuning of pinching locations can significantly boost energy efficiency of PASSs.

翻译：本研究通过建立夹持天线系统中功率分布的一致性公式，探讨了此类系统的能量效率问题。在夹持天线系统中，各天线的功率分布并非通过功率分配策略进行显式控制，而是通过调节夹持耦合参数与夹持位置实现隐式调控。这两个因素均具有可调性：(i) 夹持位置可通过移动元件进行调节，(ii) 耦合强度可通过改变夹持元件的有效耦合长度实现调控。前者在用户移动性较低的场景中适合进行动态调整，而后者难以实现高速率调整。为此，我们开发了一类混合动态-静态算法，通过以不同速率更新系统参数来实现能量效率最大化。实验结果表明，夹持位置的动态调节能够显著提升夹持天线系统的能量效率。