The popularization of distributed energy resources transforms end-users from consumers into prosumers. Inspired by the sharing economy principle, energy sharing markets for prosumers are proposed to facilitate the utilization of renewable energy. This paper proposes a novel two-layer energy sharing market for massive prosumers, which can promote social efficiency by wider-area sharing. In this market, there is an upper-level wide-area market (WAM) in the distribution system and numerous lower-level local-area markets (LAMs) in communities. Prosumers in the same community share energy with each other in the LAM, which can be uncleared. The energy surplus and shortage of LAMs are cleared in the WAM. Thanks to the wide-area two-layer structure, the market outcome is near-social-optimal in large-scale systems. However, the proposed market forms a complex mathematical program with equilibrium constraints (MPEC). To solve the problem, we propose an efficient and hierarchically distributed bidding algorithm. The proposed two-layer market and bidding algorithm are verified on the IEEE 123-bus system with 11250 prosumers, which demonstrates the practicality and efficiency for large-scale markets.

翻译：分布式能源的普及将终端用户从消费者转变为产消者。受共享经济原则启发，针对产消者的能量共享市场被提出以促进可再生能源利用。本文提出一种面向大规模产消者的新型双层能量共享市场，通过广域共享能够提升社会效率。该市场中，配电系统层面设有上层广域市场(WAM)，各社区内则设有多个下层本地市场(LAMs)。同一社区的产消者在LAM中进行能量共享（可能无法出清），而LAM的能量盈余与缺额则在WAM中完成出清。得益于广域双层结构，该市场在大规模系统中可达到近似社会最优的均衡结果。然而，所提市场构成了含均衡约束的复杂数学规划问题(MPEC)。为解决该问题，我们提出一种高效的分层分布式竞价算法。该双层市场及竞价算法在含11250个产消者的IEEE 123节点系统上完成验证，证明了其在大规模市场中的实用性与高效性。