With the popularity of Hybrid Quantum-Classical architectures, particularly noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) architectures, comes the need for quality assurance methods tailored to their specific faults. In this study, we propose a taxonomy of faults in Hybrid Quantum-Classical architectures accompanied by a dataset of real faults in the identified categories. To achieve this, we empirically analysed open-source repositories for fixed faults. We analysed over 5000 closed issues on GitHub and pre-selected 529 of them based on rigorously defined inclusion criteria. We selected 133 faults that we labelled around symptoms and the origin of the faults. We cross-validated the classification and labels assigned to every fault between two of the authors. As a result, we introduced a taxonomy of real faults in Hybrid Quantum-Classical architectures. Subsequently, we validated the taxonomy through interviews conducted with eleven developers. The taxonomy was dynamically updated throughout the cross-validation and interview processes. The final version was validated and discussed through surveys conducted with an independent group of domain experts to ensure its relevance and to gain further insights.

翻译：随着混合量子-经典架构，特别是含噪声中等规模量子（NISQ）架构的普及，亟需针对其特有故障的质量保障方法。本研究提出了一种混合量子-经典架构的故障分类法，并提供了对应分类的真实故障数据集。为实现这一目标，我们对开源仓库中已修复的故障进行了实证分析。通过分析GitHub上超过5000个已关闭议题，并依据严格定义的纳入标准预选出529个议题，最终筛选出133个故障，根据故障症状和根源进行了标注。由两位作者对每个故障的分类与标签进行了交叉验证。由此，我们建立了混合量子-经典架构中真实故障的分类体系。随后，通过对十一位开发者的访谈验证了该分类法。分类体系在交叉验证和访谈过程中持续动态更新，最终版本通过独立领域专家组的问卷调查进行了验证与讨论，以确保其相关性并获取深入见解。