Blockchain's influence extends beyond finance, impacting diverse sectors such as real estate, oil and gas, and education. This extensive reach stems from blockchain's intrinsic ability to reliably manage digital transactions and supply chains. Within the oil and gas sector, the merger of blockchain with supply chain management and data handling is a notable trend. The supply chain encompasses several operations: extraction, transportation, trading, and distribution of resources. Unfortunately, the current supply chain structure misses critical features such as transparency, traceability, flexible trading, and secure data storage - all of which blockchain can provide. Nevertheless, it is essential to investigate blockchain's security and privacy in the oil and gas industry. Such scrutiny enables the smooth, secure, and usable execution of transactions. For this purpose, we reviewed 124 peer-reviewed academic publications, conducting an in-depth analysis of 21 among them. We classified the articles by their relevance to various phases of the supply chain flow: upstream, midstream, downstream, and data management. Despite blockchain's potential to address existing security and privacy voids in the supply chain, there is a significant lack of practical implementation of blockchain integration in oil and gas operations. This deficiency substantially challenges the transition from conventional methods to a blockchain-centric approach.

翻译：区块链的影响力已超越金融领域，深刻影响着房地产、石油天然气及教育等多个行业。这种广泛覆盖源于区块链在数字交易与供应链管理中固有的可靠管理能力。在石油天然气行业，区块链与供应链管理及数据处理技术的融合已成为显著趋势。该供应链涵盖资源开采、运输、交易及分销等多重环节。然而，当前供应链结构在透明度、可追溯性、灵活交易及安全数据存储等关键特性方面存在缺失——而区块链恰好能够弥补这些不足。尽管如此，仍需深入探究区块链在石油天然气行业中的安全性与隐私保护机制。此类研究将确保交易流程的流畅性、安全性及可用性。为此，我们系统评阅了124篇同行评审的学术文献，并对其中21篇进行了深度剖析。我们根据文献与供应链各阶段（上游、中游、下游及数据管理）的关联性进行了分类。尽管区块链具备解决供应链现有安全与隐私缺陷的潜力，但在石油天然气运营中，区块链集成的实际应用仍显著不足。这一缺陷对从传统方法向区块链中心化方法的转型构成了重大挑战。