VEs are typically limited to visual and auditory cues; however, recent results show that multiple sensory modalities increase the immersion. In this study, an experimental protocol is proposed to recreate multiple tactile, in particular thermal, sensations in VR. The aim is twofold: (1) studying the performance of different devices for creating warm and cold sensations with regards to their efficiency and acoustic disturbance; and (2) investigating the interdependency between visual and tactile stimuli in the perception of temperature. 14 participants performed two experimental studies. Our results show no acoustic disturbance of the materials used. Spot projector is more efficient than fan heater to create a warm sensation; fan + water spray is more efficient than fan alone to create cold sensation. Moreover, no significant contribution of visual cue on the thermal perception was found except for the extremely cold simulation (snow visualization and thermal stimulation performed with fan + water spray).

翻译：VE通常仅限于视觉和听觉线索，然而最近的研究结果表明，多个感官模态可以增加沉浸感。在本研究中，提出了一个实验协议，用于在VR中重新创建多个触觉感应，特别是温度感觉。目标有两个：（1）研究不同设备在创建温暖和寒冷感觉方面的性能及其声学干扰；（2）探究视觉和触觉刺激在温度感知中的相互依赖关系。14名参与者进行了两项实验研究。我们的实验结果表明所使用材料没有声学干扰。点投影机比风扇加热更有效地创造出一个温暖的感觉；风扇加水雾比仅风扇更有效地产生冷感觉。此外，除了极度寒冷的模拟（雪景可视化和风扇加水雾执行的热刺激），视觉线索对热感知没有重要的贡献。