Large language models (LLMs) have revolutionized scientific research with their exceptional capabilities and transformed various fields. Among their practical applications, LLMs have been playing a crucial role in mitigating threats to human life, infrastructure, and the environment. Despite growing research in disaster LLMs, there remains a lack of systematic review and in-depth analysis of LLMs for natural disaster management. To address the gap, this paper presents a comprehensive survey of existing LLMs in natural disaster management, along with a taxonomy that categorizes existing works based on disaster phases and application scenarios. By collecting public datasets and identifying key challenges and opportunities, this study aims to guide the professional community in developing advanced LLMs for disaster management to enhance the resilience against natural disasters.

翻译：大型语言模型（LLMs）凭借其卓越能力已彻底变革科学研究，并改变了众多领域。在其实际应用中，LLMs 在减轻对人类生命、基础设施及环境的威胁方面发挥着至关重要的作用。尽管针对灾害 LLMs 的研究日益增多，但目前仍缺乏对用于自然灾害管理的 LLMs 的系统性综述与深入分析。为填补这一空白，本文对自然灾害管理中的现有 LLMs 进行了全面综述，并提出了一种基于灾害阶段和应用场景对现有工作进行分类的体系。通过收集公共数据集并识别关键挑战与机遇，本研究旨在引导专业社区开发用于灾害管理的先进 LLMs，以增强应对自然灾害的韧性。