Industry 4.0 and beyond will rely heavily on sustainable Business Decision Modelling (BDM) that can be accelerated by blockchain and Digital Twin (DT) solutions. BDM is built on models and frameworks refined by key identification factors, data analysis, and mathematical or computational aspects applicable to complex business scenarios. Gaining actionable intelligence from collected data for BDM requires a carefully considered infrastructure to ensure data transparency, security, accessibility and sustainability. Organisations should consider social, economic and environmental factors (based on the triple bottom line approach) to ensure sustainability when integrating such an infrastructure. These sustainability features directly impact BDM concerning resource optimisation, stakeholder engagement, regulatory compliance and environmental impacts. To further understand these segments, taxonomies are defined to evaluate blockchain and DT sustainability features based on an in-depth review of the current state-of-the-art research. Detailed comparative evaluations provide insight into the reachability of the sustainable solution in terms of ideologies, access control and performance overheads. Several research questions are put forward to motivate further research that significantly impacts BDM. Finally, a case study based on an exemplary supply chain management system is presented to show the interoperability of blockchain and DT with BDM.

翻译：工业4.0及未来产业将高度依赖由区块链与数字孪生技术驱动的可持续商业决策建模。商业决策建模（BDM）建立在由关键识别因素、数据分析及适用于复杂商业场景的数学/计算模型所构成的理论框架之上。为从收集的数据中提取可操作情报，需构建确保数据透明性、安全性、可访问性与可持续性的基础设施架构。组织在整合此类基础设施时，应基于三重底线原则综合考虑社会、经济与环境因素以保障可持续性。这些可持续性特征直接影响资源优化、利益相关方参与、合规监管及环境影响等BDM核心环节。为深入理解相关领域，本文基于对前沿研究的系统梳理，构建分类体系以评估区块链与数字孪生的可持续性特征。通过详细的比较分析，从技术理念、访问控制与性能开销三个维度揭示可持续解决方案的可实现性。提出若干研究问题以推动对BDM具有显著影响的前沿探索。最终，基于典型供应链管理系统的案例研究，展示区块链与数字孪生技术在与BDM协同运作中的互操作性。