Cryptography is vital for data security, but cryptographic algorithms can still be vulnerable to side-channel attacks (SCAs), physical assaults exploiting power consumption and EM radiation. SCAs pose a significant threat to cryptographic integrity, compromising device keys. While literature on SCAs focuses on real-world devices, the rise of sophisticated devices necessitates fresh approaches. Electromagnetic side-channel analysis (EM-SCA) gathers information by monitoring EM radiation, capable of retrieving encryption keys and detecting malicious activity. This study evaluates EM-SCA's impact on encryption across scenarios and explores its role in digital forensics and law enforcement. Addressing encryption susceptibility to EM-SCA can empower forensic investigators in overcoming encryption challenges, maintaining their crucial role in law enforcement. Additionally, the paper defines EM-SCA's current state in attacking encryption, highlighting vulnerable and resistant encryption algorithms and devices, and promising EM-SCA approaches. This study offers a comprehensive analysis of EM-SCA in law enforcement and digital forensics, suggesting avenues for further research.

翻译：密码学对数据安全至关重要，但加密算法仍易受到侧信道攻击（SCA）——即利用功耗和电磁辐射的物理攻击手段。侧信道攻击严重威胁加密完整性，可导致设备密钥泄露。尽管现有文献主要聚焦于实际设备的侧信道攻击，但高性能设备的涌现亟需新方法。电磁侧信道分析（EM-SCA）通过监测电磁辐射采集信息，能够恢复加密密钥并检测恶意行为。本研究评估了EM-SCA在不同场景下对加密系统的影响，并探讨其在数字取证与执法领域的应用。解决加密系统对EM-SCA的脆弱性问题，可增强取证调查人员破解加密难题的能力，保障其在执法中的关键作用。此外，本文明确了EM-SCA攻击加密的当前技术状态，揭示了易受攻击与抗攻击的加密算法及设备，并总结了有前景的EM-SCA方法。本研究对EM-SCA在执法与数字取证领域的应用进行了全面分析，提出了未来研究方向。