The procedure of tossing quantum coins and dice is described. This case is an important example of a quantum procedure because it presents a typical framework employed in quantum information processing and quantum computing. The emphasis is on the clarification of the difference between quantum and classical conditional probabilities. These probabilities are designed for characterizing different systems, either quantum or classical, and they, generally, cannot be reduced to each other. Thus the L\"{u}ders probability cannot be treated as a generalization of the classical conditional probability. The analogies between quantum theory of measurements and quantum decision theory are elucidated.

翻译：描述了抛掷量子硬币和骰子的程序。 本案是量子程序的一个重要实例, 因为它是量子信息处理和量子计算中使用的典型框架。 重点是澄清量子和传统有条件概率之间的差别。 这些概率旨在描述不同系统的特点, 无论是量子还是经典, 一般来说, 它们不能相互缩小。 因此, L\ “ { u}ders 概率不能被视为传统条件概率的概括性。 测量量子理论和量子决定理论之间的相似性得到了阐明 。