Semantic communication aims to facilitate purposeful information exchange among diverse intelligent entities, including humans, machines, and organisms. It emphasizes precise semantic transmission over data fidelity, striving for meaningful expression while optimizing communication resources for efficient information transfer. Nevertheless, extant semantic communication systems face security, privacy, and trust challenges in integrating AI technologies for intelligent communication applications. This paper presents a comprehensive survey of security and privacy threats across various layers of semantic communication systems and discusses state-of-the-art countermeasures within both academic and industry contexts. Finally, we identify critical open issues in this burgeoning field warranting further investigation.

翻译：语义通信旨在促进包括人类、机器和生物体在内的多样化智能实体之间进行有目的的信息交换。它强调精确的语义传输而非数据保真度，力求实现有意义的表达，同时优化通信资源以实现高效的信息传递。然而，现有的语义通信系统在集成人工智能技术以实现智能通信应用时，面临着安全、隐私和信任方面的挑战。本文全面综述了语义通信系统各层级面临的安全与隐私威胁，并讨论了学术界和工业界背景下最先进的应对措施。最后，我们指出了这一新兴领域中亟待进一步研究的关键开放性问题。