Expanding the benefits of quantum computing to new domains remains a challenging task. Quantum applications are concentrated in only a few domains, and driven by these few, the quantum stack is limited in supporting the development or execution demands of new applications. In this work, we address this problem by identifying both a new application domain, and new directions to shape the quantum stack. We introduce computational cognitive models as a new class of quantum applications. Such models have been crucial in understanding and replicating human intelligence, and our work connects them with quantum computing for the first time. Next, we analyze these applications to make the case for redesigning the quantum stack for programmability and better performance. Among the research opportunities we uncover, we study two simple ideas of quantum cloud scheduling using data from gate-based and annealing-based quantum computers. On the respective systems, these ideas can enable parallel execution, and improve throughput. Our work is a contribution towards realizing versatile quantum systems that can broaden the impact of quantum computing on science and society.

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