The microscopic origin of soft magnetic properties in amorphous alloys is fundamentally linked to the interplay between local topological disorder and magnetic exchange interactions. In this work, we employ a multiscale Spin-Lattice Dynamics (SLD) approach to investigate the magnetostructural correlations in amorphous Co$_{x}$Fe$_{1-x}$ nanodisks ($x=35, 50, 65$). By integrating classical molecular dynamics with a generalized magnetic Hamiltonian, we capture the dynamic feedback loop between lattice vibrations and spin precession. Topological analysis via Voronoi tessellation reveals a persistent species-dependent structural heterogeneity: Cobalt atoms preferentially adopt "solid-like" icosahedral packing, forming a rigid structural backbone, whereas Iron atoms exhibit a higher propensity for "liquid-like" disordered environments. We demonstrate that this topological disparity dictates the macroscopic magnetic response. The Cobalt-driven structural stiffness preserves a robust exchange network that maximizes saturation magnetization, while the local disorder inherent to Iron-rich regions introduces exchange fluctuations that act as an intrinsic damping mechanism, delaying magnetic relaxation. These findings provide an atomistic explanation for the stability of ferromagnetic order in Co-Fe metallic glasses and offer a pathway for tuning damping parameters in amorphous spintronic devices through stoichiometric control.

翻译：非晶合金软磁特性的微观起源本质上与局域拓扑无序和磁交换相互作用之间的关联密切相关。本研究采用多尺度自旋-晶格动力学方法，探究非晶态Co$_{x}$Fe$_{1-x}$纳米盘（$x=35, 50, 65$）中的磁结构关联。通过将经典分子动力学与广义磁哈密顿量相结合，我们捕捉了晶格振动与自旋进动之间的动态反馈循环。基于Voronoi镶嵌的拓扑分析揭示了持续存在的物种依赖性结构异质性：钴原子优先采用"类固态"二十面体堆垛，形成刚性结构骨架；而铁原子则表现出更高倾向处于"类液态"无序环境中。我们证明这种拓扑差异决定了宏观磁响应。钴主导的结构刚度维持了稳健的交换网络，使饱和磁化强度最大化；而富铁区域固有的局域无序性则引入了交换涨落，作为内禀阻尼机制延缓了磁弛豫。这些发现为钴铁金属玻璃中铁磁序的稳定性提供了原子尺度解释，并为通过化学计量调控非晶自旋电子器件的阻尼参数开辟了新途径。